Speedup reversing table of bytes

Author:	Wojciech Muła
Added on:	2010-05-01

In-place reversing is performed by following algorithm:

// n - table size

int i = 0;      // index1
int j = n - 1;  // index2
int c = n/2;    // counter
int x, y;
while (c--)
        x = table[i];
        y = table[j];
        table[i] = y;
        table[j] = x;
        i++;
        j--;
        c--;
}

We can use some CPU-specific instruction to speedup the algorithm.

1. 486 processors have BSWAP instruction that swaps four bytes (quick conversion between big-/little-endian);
2. SSE2 extension has PSHUFD that calculate any combination of dwords in an xmm register, likewise PSHUFLW and PSHUFHW calculate combinations of words;
3. SSSE3 extension has PSHUFB that calculates any combination of 16 bytes from an xmm register.

Program can load a part of table into registers, then swap bytes in register using one or more instructions and then store register's content at new position. If the size of a table is not multiply of register size, then few bytes in the middle of a table have to be swapped using default algorithm.

Modified algorithm outline:

// n - table size
// k - register size - k=4 for BSWAP and k=16 for PSHUFB

int i = 0;              // index1
int j = n - k - 1;      // index2  !!!
int c = n/(2*k);        // counter !!!
register char x[k], y[k];       // hardware registers
while (c--)
        x = table[i];           // load k bytes
        y = table[j];           // ...
        hardware_swap(x);       // reverse these bytes
        hardware_swap(y);       // ...
        table[i] = y;           // store k bytes
        table[j] = x;           // ..
        i += k;
        j -= k;
        c--;
}

if (n % (2*k) != 0)
        swap rest byte-by-byte

Function hardware_swap(x) is equivalent to single instruction: BSWAP reg or PSHUFB xmm, const; SSE2 code requires more instructions:

movaps  %xmm0, %xmm1
psrlw      $8, %xmm0
psllw      $8, %xmm1
por     %xmm1, %xmm0            ; swap adjacent bytes

pshufd  $0x4e, %xmm0, %xmm0     ; swap order of dwords
pshuflw $0x1b, %xmm0, %xmm0     ; swap order of words in lower
pshufhw $0x1b, %xmm0, %xmm0     ; .. and higher half of register

Test program contains several procedures that implement the modified algorithm:

1. swap_tab_asm (alias x86) — asm implementation of default algorithm (reference);
2. swap_tab_bswap (bswap) — modified algorithm: one bswap (8 bytes per iteration)
3. swap_tab_bswap_unrolled (bswap2) — modified algorithm: two bswap (16 bytes per iteration)
4. swap_tab_sse (sse) — modified algorithm: one SSE swap (32 bytes per iteration)
5. swap_tab_sse_unrolled (sse2) — modified algorithm: two SSE swaps (64 bytes per iteration)
6. swap_tab_pshufb (pshuf) — modified algorithm: one PSHUFB (32 bytes per iteration)
7. swap_tab_pshufb_unrolled (pshuf2) — modified algorithm: two PSHUFB (64 bytes per iteration)

Important note: SSE implementations use safe MOVUPS instruction for transfers data from/to memory. This instruction is much slower than MOVAPS even if accessing aligned data!